Table 1. Physicochemical properties of algae.

Algae	Size (μm)	Zeta (mV)	Functional group	Bioactive components
Prokaryotic algae
Cyano	1–100	~(−6) – ~ (−30)	-COOH	Phenolic acids (2.97–5.87 mg/g)
			PO43-	Phycocyanin (0.78–4.06 mg/g)
			-NH2	Flavonoids
			-CH2/CH3	Terpenoids
			-C=O	Tannins
			-CHO	Peptides
SP	Length: 100–500	~(−20) – ~(−40)	-OH	Phycocyanin (100–300 mg/g)
	Width: 5–10		-C=O	Polysaccharide of spirulina platensis
			-CH2/CH3	(50 mg/g)
				Carotenoid (3.5±0.2 mg/g)
				Proteolytic peptides
				Polyphenol
Eukaryotic algae
Chl.	2–10	~0 – ~(−30)	-COOH	Polysaccharides (100–200 mg/g)
			-OH	Chlorella growth facter (40 mg/g)
			-NH2	Carotenoid (0.22–3.20 mg/g)
			-CH2/CH3	Glycoprotein
			-C=O
C. reinhardtii	5–10	~(−10) – ~(−30)	-COOH	Polysaccharides (197 mg/g)
			-OH	Glycoproteins
			-NH2	Carotenoid
			-C=O, -P=O
Diatom	Length: 6–15	~(−15) – ~(−40)	-NH2	Polysaccharides (50–240 mg/g)
	Diameter: 1–2		-Si-OH	Fucoxanthin (2.2–21.7 mg/g)
			-COOH	Flavonoids