Table 2.
Study characteristics and absolute reliability in older adults (>60 years old).
| Author (Year) | Age (yr) | Sex | Device | Interval | Arm | HGS test1 | HGS test2 | MD (kg) | % MD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anstey et al. (1997) | 67.92 (4.89) | 50W | Spedly manual | 3 months | Right | 25.52 (4.55) | 26.15 (5.91) | 5.50 | 21.3 |
| Left | 22.63 (4.16) | 23.48 (5.03) | 4.61 | 20.0 | |||||
| Lemmink et al. (2001) | 65.8 (7.03) | 68M | Jamar | 7 days | Preferred | 43.9 (8.00) | 44.7 (8.45) | 7.53 | 17.0 |
| 66.1 (6.75) | 83W | 28.1 (5.30) | 29.3 (5.55) | 6.17 | 21.5 | ||||
| Bohannon & Schaubert (2005) | 75.0 (5.9) | 4M 17W | Jamar | 12 weeks | Right | 26.70 (7.39) | 25.83 (7.05) | 5.94 | 22.6 |
| Left | 24.71 (7.69) | 24.36 (7.44) | 4.51 | 18.4 | |||||
| Villafane et al. (2016) | 67.5 (10.2) | 6M 9W | Jamar | 7 days | Dominant | 25.8 (9.9) | 25.8 (9.9) | 0.67 | 2.6 |
| Nondominant | 24.4 (10.5) | 24.3 (10.6) | 2.22 | 9.1 | |||||
| Jenkins & Cramer (2017) | 76.8 (6.3) | 98M | Jamar | 12 weeks | NR | 29.76 (9.27) | 29.62 (8.83) | 5.49 | 18.5 |
| 24 weeks | 30.42 (9.09) | 30.61 (8.98) | 5.07 | 16.6 | |||||
| 75.9 (6.6) | 159W | 12 weeks | 17.60 (6.10) | 17.63 (6.08) | 3.38 | 19.2 | |||
| 24 weeks | 18.17 (5.82) | 18.27 (5.72) | 2.66 | 14.6 | |||||
| Abe et al. (2018) | 72 (3.8) | 34M 46W | Takei | 1 year | Right | 31.8 (7.9) | 29.5 (6.8) | 6.4 | 21.1 |
| Suzuki et al. (2019) | ≥65 | 197M 21W | Takei | NA | Dominant | 26.3 (6.8) | 26.0 (6.8) | 3.94 | 15.1 |
| Legg et al. (2020) | 71(10) | 6M 11W | Jamar | 48 hours | Dominant | 34.7 (15.1) | 35.1 (14.4) | 5.92 | 17.0 |
| Nondominant | 32.6 (16.6) | 33.6 (16.3) | 4.60 | 13.9 | |||||
| Beauchamp et al. (2021) | 69(3) | 29M 521W | NR | 7 days | Dominant | 37.08 (12.79) | 39.08 (13.23) | 10.64 | 28.0 |
| 81(4) | 29M 20W | 29.41 (9.28) | 36.65 (12.63) | 5.16 | 15.6 | ||||
| Boshnjaku et al. (2021) | 70.7 (6.1) | 22M 39W | Jamar | 7-97 days | Dominant | 29.2 (9.2) | 28.8 (9.3) | 5.29 | 18.3 |
| Ferreira et al. (2021) | 84.5 (6.5) | 15M 28W | Baseline Smedley | 7 days | Dominant | 18.9 (5.9) | 18.9 (5.8) | 3.49 | 18.5 |
| Non-dominant | 17.1 (5.6) | 17.4 (5.4) | 2.91 | 16.9 | |||||
| Gil et al. (2022) | 70.5 (5.0) | 6M 6W | Straingauge | 7 days | Right | 29.5 (8.4) | 29.2 (8.0) | 2.27 | 7.7 |
| Left | 26.9 (7.8) | 28.5 (7.1) | 2.92 | 10.5 |
M, men; W, women; Avg, average; NR, not reported; MD, minimal difference; %MD, percentage of a minimal difference to the measured value; HGS, handgrip strength (unit in kilograms)