. 2025 Sep 8;13:1005. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03392-7

Table 2.

Results of main effects and interaction effects of the calculated linear mixed effect models of disruptive behavior measures by group

	Pre to Post				Pre to Follow-up				Group				Pre to Post x Group				Pre to Follow-up x Group
	β	95% CI		p	β	95% CI		P	β	95% CI		p	β	95% CI		p	β	95% CI		p
SDQ Conduct Problems^a	-0.73	-0.99	-0.46	< 0.001	-0.69	-0.96	-0.42	< 0.001	0.26	-0.12	0.64	0.180	-0.11	-0.56	0.35	0.646	-0.21	-0.62	0.20	0.313
SDQ Hyperactivity/ Inattention	-0.23	-0.44	-0.01	0.038	-0.31	-0.51	-0.10	0.003	0.10	-0.23	0.43	0.547	-0.09	-0.43	0.25	0.597	0.04	-0.27	0.35	0.815
CBCL Aggressive Behavior	-0.62	-0.79	-0.45	< 0.001	-0.69	-0.91	-0.46	< 0.001	0.14	-0.23	0.51	0.463	0.23	-0.05	0.51	0.106	0.16	-0.18	0.50	0.361
CBCL Delinquent Behavior	-0.48	-0.69	-0.27	< 0.001	-0.54	-0.77	-0.30	< 0.001	0.06	-0.33	0.46	0.761	0.07	-0.22	0.37	0.622	0.11	-0.21	0.42	0.515
DISYPS Oppositional Behavior	-0.58	-0.79	-0.37	< 0.001	-0.65	-0.89	-0.42	< 0.001	0.31	-0.03	0.65	0.076	-0.19	-0.53	0.15	0.273	-0.04	-0.40	0.33	0.844
DISYPS Aggressive-Dissocial Behavior	-0.33	-0.52	-0.15	< 0.001	-0.44	-0.62	-0.26	< 0.001	-0.25	-0.58	0.08	0.132	-0.03	-0.33	0.26	0.821	0.16	-0.13	0.44	0.282
DISYPS Limited Prosocial Emotionality ^b	-0.02	-0.29	0.24	0.855	-0.01	-0.26	0.23	0.919	0.20	-0.31	0.71	0.443	-0.48	-0.89	-0.07	0.020	-0.45	-0.84	-0.07	0.021
DISYPS Disruptive Affect Regulation Disorder and Irritability ^b	-0.57	-0.92	-0.22	0.002	-0.60	-0.90	-0.29	< 0.001	0.54	0.11	0.97	0.013	-0.40	-0.91	0.12	0.129	-0.53	-0.99	-0.07	0.024

Note. β = standardized beta coefficient; CI = confidence interval; p = p-value; ^a questionnaire score used for sampling; ^b questionnaire scores not calculated for under 6-year olds