Table 3.

Maximum entropy change, $\left|\mathrm{\Delta }{S}_M^{max}\right|$, Curie temperature, T_C, refrigerant capacity (RC), and relative cooling power (RCP) for the ribbon samples.

Samples	TC (K)	µ0∆H (T)	$\left|\mathrm{\Delta }{S}_M^{max}\right|$ (J/kg K)	RC (J/kg)	RCP (J/kg)	Ref.
Gadolinium and its alloys
Gd (B)	294	1 2 5	2.8 5.07 10.2	––~400	63.4 187 410	[7]
Gd (R)	294	1.7	4.8	–	–	[176]
Gd (R)	293	5	8.7	433.4		[157]
Gd71Co29 (R; A)	166	1	3.1	92.3	–	[158]
Gd68Co32 (R; A)	175	1	3.0	87.4	–	[158]
Gd65Co35 (R; A)	184	1	2.9	83.6	–	[158]
Gd62Co38 (R; A)	193	1	2.8	81.4	–	[158]
Gd48Co52 (R; A)	282 282	1.5 5	1.71 4.23	--	176 750	[177]
Gd4Co3 (R; A)	219	5	7.2	–	–	[178]
Gd60Co25Al15 (R; A)	125	5	10.1	645	860	[160]
Gd55Co25Al20 (R; A)	112.5	5	10.1	612.6	818	[161]
Gd60Co30Al10 (R; A; Sheet parallel)	140	1.9	4.06	64	–	[179]
Gd60Co30Al10 (R; A; Sheet perpendicular)	140	1.9	2.91	34	–	[179]
Gd50Co50-xFex (R; A) x = 0 x = 2	267 277	5 5	-4.44	--	--	[180]
Gd50Co50-xSix (R; A) x = 2 x = 5	214 244	5 5	5.32 5.98	--	710 740	[181]
Gd48Co50Zn2 (R; A)	262	5	5.02	–	> 700	[182]
Gd50Co48Zn2 (R; A)	260	5	5.04	–	700	[182]
Gd55Co35M10 (R; A) M = Mn M = Fe M = Ni	197 268 192	2 2 2	3.03 1.72 3.37	162 266 183	224 337 253	[183]
Gd55Co20Fe5Al20-xSix (R; A) x = 0 x = 5 x = 10 x = 15	130 142 149 151	5 5 5 5	6.1 6.82 6.36 4.94	558 665 700 519	–	[184]
Gd55Co20Fe5Al20-xSix (x = 0, 2, 5, 10) (R; A) (x = 15, 20, 20; annealed) (R; C)	129 136 108 137 130 130 –	5 5 5 5 5 5 5	8.01 6.66 4.90 4.48 4.77-4.78	–	913 719 541 622 596--	[185]
Gd65Fe20Al15 (R; A)	182	5	5.8	545	726	[162]
Gd55Fe15Al30 (R; A)	158	5	5.01	555	741	[162]
Gd55Fe20Al25 (R; A)	190	5	4.67	651	868	[162]
Gd55Fe25Al20 (R; A)	230	5	3.77	608	811	[162]
Gd95Fe2.8Al2.2 (R; A)	232	5	4	551	–	[186]
Gd95Fe2.8Al2.2 (R; C)	232	5	7.53	551	–	[186]
Gd55Fe15Al30 (R; A)	158	5	5.01	741	–	[162]
Gd55Fe20Al25 (R; A)	182	5	4.67	868	–	[162]
Gd55Fe25Al20 (R; A)	197	5	3.77	811	–	[162]
Gd55Fe30Al15 (R; A)	208	5	3.43	857	–	[162]
Gd55Fe35Al10 (R; A)	228	5	2.92	826	–	[162]
Gd71Fe3Al26 (R; A)	117.5	5	7.4	750	–	[187]
Gd65Fe20Al15 (R; A)	182.5	5	5.8	726	–	[187]
RNi (R = Gd, Tb and Ho) (R; C)	75 66 28	5 5 5	15.2 12 14.1	–	610 370 550	[188]
Gd63Ni37 (R; A)	122	5	9.42	600	802.6	[189]
Gd71Ni29 (R; A)	122	5	9	724	–	[159]
Gd68Ni32 (R; A)	124	5	8	583	–	[159]
Gd65Ni35 (R; A)	122	5	6.9	524	–	[159]
Gd46Ni32Al22 (R; A)	66	5	10.16	762	–	[190]
Gd55Ni15Al30 (R; A)	70	5	6.12	606	–	[163]
Gd55Ni20Al25 (R; A)	71	5	7.98	782	–	[163]
Gd55Ni25Al20 (R; A)	75	5	8.49	806	–	[163]
Gd55Ni30Al15 (R; A)	83	5	9.25	851	–	[163]
Gd34Ni22Co11Al33 (R; A)	54	5	9.9	–	145	[191]
Gd100-xMnx (R; C) x = 0 x = 5 x = 10 x = 15 x = 20	293 289 287 285 278	5 5 5 5 5	8.7 8.3 6.8 6.6 5.9	433.4 451.9 353.7 354.5 321.5	–	[157]
Gd65Mn35-xSix (R; A) x = 5 x = 10	221 218	5 5	4.6 4.7	625 660	--	[192]
Gd65Mn25Si10 (R; A+C)	288	5	4.6	249	–	[192]
(Gd4Co3)1-xSix (R; A) x = 0 x = 0.05 x = 0.10	208 198 213	5 5 5	7.3 7.2 6.4	547 524 511	–	[193]
(Gd1-xTbx)12Co7 (R; A) x = 0 x = 0.25 x = 0.5 x = 0.75 x = 1	179 159 136 118 92	5 5 5 5 5	7.9 8.0 9.0 8.5 8.4	511 522 540 462 456	–	[194]
GdCuAl (R; A+C)	50	5	5.6	296	–	[195]
Gd55Co25Ni20 (R; A)	140	5	6.04	450	–	[196]
Gd55Co30Ni15 (R; A)	175	5	6.3	487	–	[196]
Gd55Co35Ni10 (R; A)	192	5	6.47	502	–	[196]
Gd60Mn30Ga10 (R; A + C)	177	2	1.53	240	–	[197]
Gd60Mn30In10 (R; A+C)	190	2	1.49	234	–	[197]
Gd60Co30In10 (R; A+C)	159	4.6	7.7	406	–	[198]
Gd60Ni30In10 (R; A+C)	86	4.6	8.2	602	–	[198]
Gd60Cu30In10 (R; A+C)	115	4.6	6.6	598	–	[198]
Gd60Fe0Co30Al10 (R; A+C)	145	5	8.9	539	–	[199]
Gd60Fe10Co20Al10 (R; A+C)	170	5	5	632	–	[199]
Gd60Fe20Co10Al10 (R; A+C)	185	5	4.4	736	–	[199]
Gd60Fe30Co0Al10 (R; A+C)	200	5	3.6	672	–	[199]
Gd45RE20Fe20Al15 (R; A) (RE = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er)	138- 175	5	4.46- 5.57	580- 720	–	[200]
Gd55Co19Al24Si1Fe1 (R; A+C)	107	5	7.8	749	–	[154]
Gd55Co35Mn10 (R; A+C) (50 m/s)	200 200	2 5	3.82 6.47	183.4 457.3	233.0 601.7	[201]
Gd55Co35Mn10 (R; A+C) (600 K/20 min)	123/173	2 5	2.93 5.50	233.5 515.7	284.2 649	[201]
Gd55Co35Mn10 (R; A+C) (600 K/30 min)	123/170	2 5	2.79 5.46	242.1 536.4	284.6 671.6	[201]
Gd65Fe10Co10Al15 (R; A)	160	5	6.0	700	–	[202]
Gd65Fe10Co10Al10Si5 (R; A)	175	5	5.9	698	–	[202]
Gd65Fe10Co10Al10B5 (R; A)	145	5	7.1	748	–	[202]
Gd55Co35Ni10 (R; A)	158/214	5	5.0	–	–	[203]
Gd50Co45Fe5 (R; A)	289	5	3.8	–	673	[204]
Tm60Al20Ni10 (R; A)	4.4	5	14.1	–	235	[205]
Er60Al20Ni10 (R; A)	9.5	5	14.3	–	372	[205]
Ho60Al20Ni10 (R; A)	17.9	5	12.4	–	460	[205]
ErNi2 (R; C)	6.8	2 5	14.1 20.0	146 382	–	[206]
ErNi2 (R; C)	6.8	2 5	12.4 20.2	118 347	–	[206]
TbNi2 (R; C)	37	5	13.9	441	–	[207]
DyNi2 (R; C)	21.5	2	13.5	209	–	[208]
HoNi2 (R; C)	13.9 13.9	2 5	16.9 27.2	194 522	–	[209]
HoNi2 (R; C)	13.9 13.9	2 5	14.8 24.8	169 465	–	[209]
Dy3Co (R; C)	32 43	2 5	2.1 6.5	--	83 364	[210]
Tb55Co30Fe15 (R; A)	169	5	4	–	–	[211]
Heusler alloys
Mn50Ni41In9 (R; C)	283	3	5.7	184.2	197.8	[212]
Mn50Ni40In10, H$\parallel$ Melt-spun ribbons, Mn50Ni40In10, H$\mathrm{\perp }$ Melt-spun ribbons (R; C)	230 310 230 310	3 3	3.6 1.3 3.5 1.3	71 89 71 86	--	[213] (*) (*)
Ni50Mn50-xSnx (R; C) x = 13	255 300	5	22 4	160 75	–	[19] (*)
Ni52Mn26Ga22 (R; C) As-melt Annealed	350 354	2 5 2 5	5.3 11.4 16.4 30	--32 70	--	[214]
Mn3Sn2-xBx (R; C) (x = 0–0.5)	240–250	5	13.6–18.3	–	–	[215]
Mn3Sn2-xCx (R; C) (x = 0–0.5)	240–250	5	13.6–17.5	–	–	[215]
Ni51.1Mn31.2In17.7 (R; C) Annealed at 1073 K/10 min Annealed at 1073 K/2 h	276 288 288	5 5 5	3.1 4.1 4.4	345 268 294	–	[216]
Ni43Mn46In11 (R; C) Slow cooled Quenched	245 304 260 320 263 311	5 5 5	1.31 1.45 3.48 2.05 6.79 2.72	--	38.5 95.7 97.4 114.8 142.6 152.3	[217] (*) (*) (*)
Ni52Mn26Ga22 (R; C)	348 348	2 5	5.3 11.4	--	--	[218]
Mn50Ni40.5In9.5 (R; C)	295	5	3.7	80.5	–	[219]
Mn50Ni40.5In9.5 (R; C, Annealed)	326	5	6.1	126.6	–	[219]
Ni45Co5Mn31Al19 (R; C)	265 291	1.35	2 1	–	–	[220] (*)
Ni46Co4Mn38Sb12 (R; C) (In-plane)	297	5	13.5 12.6	–	–	[221]
Ni46Co4Mn38Sb12 (R; C) (Out of plane)	297	5	12.6	–	–	[221]
Ni42.9Co6.9Mn38.3Sn11.9 (R; C)	302	1	6.7	45.3	–	[222]
Ni42.9Co6.9Mn38.3Sn11.9 (R; C; Annealed)	308	1	25.3	55.8	–	[222]
Ni50Mn35In14.25B0.75 (R; C)	318	5	16	85	–	[223]
Ni48Co2Mn35In15 (R; C)	326	5	12.1	78	–	[224]
Ni50−xCoxMn35In15 (R; C) x = 0 x = 1 x = 2	305 315 325	1 1 1	0.92 5.35 3.90	6.97 31.87 42.05	–	[225]
Ni45Co5Mn40Sn10 (R; C)	436 431 426 424	1 3 5 7	2 10 22 27	--	--	[226]
Ni42.7Mn40.8Co5.2Sn11.3 (R; C)	263 377.5	5	6.8 1.3	24 67	–	[227] (*)
Ni42.7Mn40.8Co5.2Sn11.3 (R; C) annealed at 1123 K/10 min	270 379	5	32.8 1.6	44 91	–	[227] (*)
Fe-based alloys
Fe90Zr10 (R; A)	230	2 5 8	1.3 2.7 3.9	194 497 801	–	[165]
Fe90Zr9B1 (R; A)	210	2 5 8	1.3 2.7 3.8	198 492 795	–	[165]
Fe91Zr7B2 (R; A)	215	2 5 8	1.2 2.5 3.6	177 462 755	–	[165]
Fe90Zr8B2 (R; A)	240	2 5 8	1.3 2.6 3.7	198 514 830	–	[165]
Fe88Zr8B4 (R; A)	280	2 5 8	1.3 2.8 4.0	201 551 905	–	[165]
Fe87Zr6B6Cu1 (R; A)	300	2 5 8	1.6 3.0 4.3	208 590 953	–	[165]
Fe86Zr7B6Cu1 (R; A)	320	2 5 8	1.6 3.1 4.4	205 582-	–	[165]
Fe89Zr7B4 (R; A)	275	5	3.19	–	–	[228]
Fe87Zr7B4Dy2 (R; A)	308	5	3.14	–	–	[228]
Fe87Zr7B4Tb2 (R; A)	319	5	3.25	–	–	[228]
Fe87Zr7B4Gd2 (R; A)	342	5	3.24	–	–	[228]
Fe89Zr8B3 (R; A)	271	5	2.75	–	–	[229]
Fe88Zr8B4 (R; A)	291	5	3.04	–	644.9	[229]
Fe87Zr8B5 (R; A)	306	5	3.25	–	–	[229]
Fe88Zr9B3 (R; A)	286	5	3.17	–	686.7	[230]
Fe87Zr9B4 (R; A)	304	5	3.29	–	–	[230]
Fe86Zr9B5 (R; A)	327	5	3.34	–	–	[230]
Fe88Gd2Zr10 (R; A)	285	5	4.03	–	282	[231]
Fe65Mn15B20 (R; A)	328	1.5	0.89	72.5	99.7	[232]
Fe60Mn20B20 (R; A)	200	1.5	0.6	62.5	84.5	[232]
Fe56Mn24B20 (R; A)	170	1.5	0.55	51	66.7	[232]
Fe70Mn10B20 (R; A)	450	1.5	1.01	84.4	117	[232]
Fe80Cr8B12 (R; A)	328	1.5	1.00	–	130	[233]
Fe88Zr7B4Ni1 (R; A)	285	1.5 5	1.32 3.24	--	132-	[234]
Fe88Zr7B4Al1 (R; A)	280	1.5	1.37	–	–	[234]
Fe88Zr9B1Co2 (R; A)	285	1.5	1.61	–	149.7	[235]
Fe87Zr11B1Co1 (R; A)	280	1.5	1.38	–	133.9	[235]
Fe88Ce7B5 (R; A)	287	1.5 5	1.52 3.83	--	-700.9	[236]
Fe88La2Ce5B5 (R; A)	293	1.5 5	1.53 3.85	--	-656.7	[236]
Fe90−xNixZr10 (R; A) x = 0 x = 5 x = 10 x = 15	245 306 356 403	4 4 4 4	3.04 3.26 3.30 3.10	334 290--	--	[166]
Fe90-xSnxZr10 (R; A) x = 0 x = 2 x = 4	247 269 293	5 5 5	3.6 4.1 3.4	320 255 228	410 337 280	[237]
Fe82B4Mn4Zr8Nb2 (R; A)	237	1 3	0.97 2.19	–	–	[238]
Fe78B8Mn4Zr8Nb2 (R; A)	259	1 3	0.88 1.97	–	–	[238]
Fe74B12Mn4Zr8Nb2 (R; A)	282	1 3	0.73 1.63	–	–	[238]
Fe70B16Mn4Zr8Nb2 (R; A)	313	1 3	0.68 1.58	–	–	[238]
Fe66B20Mn4Zr8Nb2 (R; A)	328	1 3	0.62 1.38	–	–	[238]
Fe64Mn16P10B7C3 (R; A)	266	1.5 2	0.78 0.98	74.7 101.5	101.05 139.74	[239]
Fe65Mn15P10B7C3 (R; A)	292	1.5 2	0.91 1.12	79.8 109.2	117.53 147.09	[239]
Fe66Mn14P10B7C3 (R; A)	319	1.5 2	0.91 1.12	71.9 99.8	99.84 134.25	[239]
Fe67Mn13P10B7C3 (R; A)	339	1.5 2	1.00 1.24	67.2 93.4	90.07 127.57	[239]
Fe88Zr7B4Cu1 (R; A)	287	1.5	1.32	121	166	[240]
Fe82.5Co2.75Ni2.75Zr7B4Cu1 (R; A)	400	1.5	1.4	119	165	[240]
Fe78Co5Ni5Zr7B4Cu1 (R; A)	500	1.5	1.85	95	125	[240]
Fe71.5Co8.25Ni8.25Zr7B4Cu1 (R; A)	570	1.5	1.95	97	130	[240]
Fe66Co11Ni11Zr7B4Cu1 (R; A)	640	1.5	1.80	98	131	[240]
Fe88Pr6Ce4B2 (R; A)	284	5	4.15	–	725.8	[241]
Fe87Zr7B4Co2 (R; A)	333	5	3.42	–	–	[242]
Fe62Mn18P10B7C3 (R; A)	222	1.5 2	0.57 0.71	48 67.2	64.57 87.68	[239]
Fe60Co12Gd4Mo3B21 (R; A)	387	1	0.76	–	–	[243]
Intermetallic compounds
Nd2Fe17 (R; C)	326	1 2 3 4 5	1.4 2.5 3.3 4.1 4.8	–	73 169 271 382 496	[155]
Y2Fe17 (R; C)	301	1 2 5	1.5 2.4 4.4	–	75 178 533	[172]
Y2Fe17 (R; C)	305	10	1.89	–	–	[173]
Pr2Fe17 (R; C)	290	1 2 3 4 5	1.0 1.8 2.5 3.1 3.7	–	95 208 328 450 580	[155]
NdPrFe17 (R; C)	303/332	2	2.1	175	–	[244]
Pr2-xNdxFe17 (R; C) x = 0.5 x = 0.7	302 307	5 5	3.01 4.31	--	345 487	[174]
LaFe12Si (R; C) Annealed at 1323 K/2 h	195	5	25.4 @ 201 K	–	–	[245] (*)
LaFe11.8Si1.2 (R; C) Annealed at 1323 K/2 h	195	5	31 @ 201 K	–	–	[245] (*)
LaFe11.2Si1.8 (R; C) Annealed at 1323 K/2 h	231	5	10.3 @ 240 K	–	–	[245] (*)
LaFe11.5Si1.5 (R; C) Annealed at 1273 K/0.033 h	189	5	12	–	–	[171] (*)
LaFe11.5Si1.5 (R; C) Annealed at 1273 K/2 h	201	5	17	–	–	[171] (*)
LaFe11.6Si1.4 (R; C) Annealed at 1373 K/24 h	199	5	10.03	–	–	[171] (*)
LaFe11.6Si1.4 (R; C) Annealed at 1323 K/0.5 h	223	5	6.30	–	–	[171]
LaFe11.6Si1.4 (R; C) Annealed at 1323 K/4 h	213	5	8.13	–	–	[171]
LaFe11.57Si1.43 (R; C) Annealed at 1323 K/2 h	210	5	21.2	–	–	[246] (*)
LaFe11.57Si1.43 (R; C) Annealed at 1273 K/1 h (20 m/s)	198	5	17.8	–	–	[246] (*)
LaFe11.57Si1.43 (R; C) Annealed at 1273 K/1 h (40 m/s)	210	5	193	–	–	[246] (*)
LaFe11.6 × 1.1Si1.4 (R; C) Annealed at 1523 K/5 h	190.5	5	17.2	–	146.2	[246] (*)
LaFe11.6 × 1.2Si1.4 (R; C) Annealed at 1523 K/5 h	177.4	5	13.2	–	105.6	[246] (*)
La0.8Ce0.2Fe11.5Si1.5 (R; C) Annealed at 1273 K/10 mins Annealed at 1273 K/15 mins Annealed at 1273 K/20 mins Annealed at 1273 K/30 mins Annealed at 1273 K/60 mins	193 188 183 184 183	1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5	9.7 23 33.8 31.4 32.8	–	–	[247] (*)
La0.6Pr0.5Fe11.4Si1.6 (R; C)	192	5	21.9	458.5	481.8	[248] (*)
High entropy alloys (HEAs)
Tm10Ho20Gd20Ni20Al20 (R; A)	30.3	3 7	5.6 12.7	223.4 637.4	282.9 793.5	[175]
Gd20Dy20Er20Co20Al20 (R; A)	42	5	7.7	523	–	[154]

R: Ribbon; A: Amorphous; C: Crystalline; B: Bulk; (*) represents FOMT materials.