Table 4.
Comparison of model performance between our test cohort and the Zhang 2021 study.
| Characteristics | Zhang et al., 2021 | Wilding et al., 2024 | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size (n) | Training: 17,543 Test: 8611 |
1904 Training: 1333 Test: 571 |
|
| Mean age at diagnosis (years) | 67 | 68 | |
| Gender (% cohort) | Male: 62.2 Female: 37.8 |
Male: 55.6 Female: 44.3 Trans-sex: 0.1 |
<0.001 |
| Race (% cohort) | White: 83.3 Black: 11.2 Other: 5 |
White: 92.8 Black: 4.1 Other: 3.1 |
<0.001 |
| T stage (% cohort) | T1: 20 T2: 35.6 T3: 23.4 T4: 21 |
T1: 41.7 T2: 8.0 T3: 17.6 T4: 29.1 |
<0.001 |
| N stage (% cohort) | N0: 49.7 N1: 11.1 N2: 30.9 N3: 8.3 |
N0: 48 N1: 8.2 N2: 23.1 N3: 14.2 |
|
| Brain metastases (% cohort) | No: 95.8 Yes: 4.2 |
No: 77.2 Yes: 22.8 |
<0.001 |
| Number of organs with metastases besides brain (% cohort) | 0: 83.8 1: 12.4 2: 3.2 3: 0.6 |
0: 44.9 1: 36.4 2: 12.0 3+: 6.7 |
<0.001 |
| Chemotherapy (% cohort) | No: 58 Yes: 42 |
No: 62.2 Yes: 37.8 |
<0.001 |
| Surgery (% cohort) | No: 62.5 Yes: 37.5 |
No: 70 Yes: 30 |
<0.001 |
| Radiation (% cohort) | No: 56.3 Yes: 43.7 |
No: 53.5 Yes: 46.5 |
0.024 |
| AUROC (95% CI) | Training: 0.810 (0.796, 0.823) Test: 0.805 (0.784, 0.825) |
0.91 (0.87, 0.95) |
a
p-values were calculated using chi-square tests.