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. 2025 Aug 26;16:1545603. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1545603

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Copyright © 2025 Flø and Smedsrud.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Two plots are shown. The left plot depicts a test characteristic curve, rising steeply around theta zero, leveling off around thirty-five. The right plot displays a test information curve, peaking sharply near theta zero around eight before declining on both sides. — The test characteristic curve (i.e., the expected test score function) and the test information curve for the STEM scale, where Theta (θ) is the normalised latent variable for the ability level assessed by the STEM scale.