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. 2025 Aug 26;13:1644610. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1644610

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Copyright © 2025 Chen, Dong, Xu, Long and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Two world maps labeled A and B display country-specific color-coded data. Map A shows ASIR-EAPCs, with shades from dark blue to light pink, indicating a range from -1.48 to 1.18. Map B presents ASDR-EAPCs, also using varying shades to represent values from -0.47 to 0.63. Each map has a legend explaining the color scales. — Estimated annual percentage change and age-standardized incidence and disability-adjusted life years rates of mental disorders in the people over 60 years in 204 Countries/territories from 1990 to 2021. The EAPC was calculated for the period 1990–2021. (A) EAPC of ASIR; (B) EAPC of ASDR.