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. 2025 Sep 2;477(9):1213–1224. doi: 10.1007/s00424-025-03110-7

Table 4.

Statistical comparison between the most relevant PPG and VC parameters (*p < 0.05)

Parameter PPG VC p-value
Δ II-I (%)  − 95.3 (− 98.1; − 92.5)  − 8.3 (− 15.1; − 1.5)  < 0.001*
Δ III-I (%)  − 13.0 (− 27.5; 1.5) 1.7 (− 4.1; 7.4) 0.077
t-min (s) 126.0 (85.7; 166.3) 174.3 (149.0; 199.5) 0.001*
t-max (s) 77.3 (44.8; 109.7) 26.4 (15.7; 37.0) 0.002*
dV (AU/min)  − 175.5 (− 260.0; − 91.2)  − 0.03 (− 0.04; − 0.02)  < 0.001*
iV (AU/min) 1390.8 (720.1; 2061.4) 0.22 (0.11; 0.32)  < 0.001*