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. 2025 Sep 10;11:26. doi: 10.1038/s41394-025-00721-1

Table 2.

Participant demographic and impairment characteristics.

Participanta Age range (years) Gender Race Employment status Time post-SCI/D range (years) Neurological level of injury Etiology of injury Severity of injury (if traumatic) Presence of Co-morbiditiesb Pre-SCI/D PA Current PA Frequency and duration of PA
SP01 46–60 Man White On long-term disability 26–30 L3 Traumatic Motor incomplete Yes Hockey, baseball, soccer, hunting, fishing Virtual exercise classesc

5–6 days/week

60 min

SP02 (withdrawn after session 14) 61–75 Man White On long-term disability 1–5 T9 Atraumatic N/A Yes N/A Virtual exercise classesc

5–6 days/week

60 min

SP03 61–75 Man White Retired 36–40 T4 Traumatic Sensory incomplete Yes Running, soccer, biking, canoeing Handcycling, flying

1–2 days/week

60–90 min

SP04 46–60 Man East/ Southeast Asian, White On long-term disability 1–5 C7 Traumatic Sensory incomplete Yes Cycling, soccer, hockey Wheelchair basketball, outdoor cycling, gym

3–4 days/week

60–90 min

SP05 46–60 Woman White Retired 41–45 T5 Traumatic Complete Yes Cross-country skiing, badminton, gymnastics Wheelchair curling, squash 57, handcycling

5–6 days/week

90+ min

SCI/D spinal cord injury or disease, PA physical activity.

aThree participants indicated an annual household income of $100,000 and over. One participant indicated an annual household income of $50,000 to $99,999. One participant preferred not to say. SP01, SP02, and SP03 comprised the first handcycling group. SP04 & SP05 comprised the second handcycling group.

bParticipants were living with comorbidities including celiac disease, morphea, osteoporosis, high blood pressure, type II diabetes, and high cholesterol. Two participants had a past medical history of cancer.

cIncluded classes such as high intensity interval training, yoga, aerobics, circuit training, boxing, strength building.