Table I.

Adipocyte-associated signaling and target gene expression profiles of hMSCs after exposure to hypoxia (2% O₂) or treatment with TGF-β 1 (1 ng/ml) for 48 h

			Fold change byb
Category and gene	GenBankTM accession no.	Level of expression (control)a	Hypoxia	TGF-β 1
PPAR γ and its target genes
PPAR γ	NM_015869	+	↓	↓
Adipsin	NM_001928	+++	0.43	0.36
AEBP1	NM_001129	+++	0.70	3.46
C/EBP-α	NM_004364	−	↔	↔
C/EBP-β	NM_005194	++	↓	↔
SLC27A4	NM_005094	++	0.38	0.76
SREBP1 and its target genes
SREBP1	NM_004176	+	↔	↔
PKM2	NM_002654	++	3.10	1.89
PCK2	NM_004563	++	3.13	1.22
ACACB	NM_001093	+	↓	↓
Insulin receptor-associated genes
CAP	BC017196	+++	0.53	2.04
INSR	NM_000208	+++	0.84	0.49
NCK2	NM_003581	+++	0.32	0.67
PTPRF (LAR)	NM_002840	++	1.13	1.49
CRK	NM_016823	++	0.63	0.41
SHC1	U73377	++	1.06	1.63
PTPN11	NM_002834	+	0.96	1.64
PPP1CA	AB028949	+	↓	↓
Insulin signaling target gene
v-jun	NM_002228	++	0.64	0.33
PI3K pathway
Components
AKT (PKBβ)c	M77198	++	↔	↔
EIF4EBP1	NM_004095	++	↑	2.52
PIK3R1	M61906	++	0.12	27
PIK3R2	NM_005027	+	0.25	↔
GLUT1	NM_006516	+	↔	1.71
GSK3B	NM_002093	+	↓	↔
GSK3A	NM_019884	+	↓	↓
Target genes
PAI-1	M16006	++	4.26	4.51
VEGF	NM_003376	+	2.10	1.22
LDLR	NM_000527	+	↓	↔
MAPK pathway
Components
RRAS	NM_006270	++	1.35	0.82
MAP2K1	NM_002755	+	↔	0.28
MAP2K2	L11285	+	0.55	0.31
SOS2	L13858	+	1.07	1.18
K-ras	M54968	+	↓	↔
c-raf	X03484	+	↓	↔
Target genes
Angiogenin	M11567	+++	0.88	0.64
bcl-x	Z23115	++	0.48	0.47
TIEG	U21847	+	↔	1.10
ERCC1	M28650	+	↔	↑

^aSymbols indicate the relative level of expression in controls: +++, high expression, normalized to the housekeeping gene peptidylprolyl isomerase A or β-actin (16–24-h exposure); ++, low expression, normalized to the housekeeping gene peptidylprolyl isomerase A (48-h exposure); +, very low, normalized to the housekeeping gene peptidylprolyl isomerase A (3-day exposure); −, undetectable, no normalized data (3-day exposure).

^bArrows indicate qualitative change by hypoxia or TGF-β1 in genes for which quantification was not possible: ↑, increase; ↓, decrease; ↔, no change.

^cPKBβ, protein kinase Bβ; LDLR, low density lipoprotein receptor.