Table 2. SPARK compared with Post Survey Questionnaire (PSQ) correlation coefficient.
| SPARK vs PSQ | Correlation coefficient |
|---|---|
| Needs identified | |
| Social need (per 1 need increase) | r=0.568 (<0.0001) |
| Social needs identified (≥1 SPARK vs ≥1 PSQ) | κ=0.428 |
| Social and access need (per 1 need increase) | r=0.576 (<0.0001) |
| Social and access needs identified (≥1 SPARK vs ≥1 PSQ) | κ=0.298 |
| Demographic variables | |
| Race (SPARK vs reference) | φc=0.882 (<0.0001) |
| Sex at birth (SPARK vs reference) | φc=0.994 (<0.0001) |
| Gender identity (SPARK vs reference) | φc=0.967 (<0.0001) |
| Sexual orientation (SPARK vs Reference) | φc=0.986 (<0.0001) |
| Access variables | |
| Translation vs language other than English spoken most often at home | κ=0.16 |
| Immigration status: Arrived ≤5 years ago (SPARK vs reference) | κ=0.634 |
| Disability-related access need (≥1) vs Disability (≥1) | κ=0.359 |
| Disability-related access need (≥1) vs Disability score ≥3 | κ=0.477 |
| Social needs: education | |
| Less than high school (SPARK vs reference) | κ=0.604 |
| Social needs: income | |
| Financial insecurity vs income <US$30 000 | κ=0.368 |
| Financial insecurity vs below low-income cut-off | κ=0.332 |
| Difficulty making ends meet vs income <US$30 000 | κ=0.379 |
| Avoided filling a prescription or did something to make a prescription last longer vs income <US$30 000 | κ=0.356 |
| Difficulty getting to appointment because of the cost vs income <US$30 000 | κ=0.236 |
| Miss a utilities payment vs income <US$30 000 | κ=0.351 |
| Difficulty paying mortgage or rent vs income <US$30 000 | κ=0.236 |
| Social needs: unstable housing | |
| Unstable housing (SPARK vs reference) | κ=0.319 |
| Unstable housing vs unstable housing and worried or concerned about stable housing | κ=0.323 |
| Social needs: social support | |
| Social isolation (SPARK (≥1) vs high social isolation score >60) | κ=0.11 |
| Social isolation (SPARK (≥2) vs high social isolation score >60) | κ=0.179 |
| Social isolation (SPARK (≥2) vs moderate or high social isolation score >41) | κ=0.07 |
| Precarious employment | |
| Precarious employment (SPARK (≥1) vs PEPSO≥38) | κ=0.436 |
| Precarious employment (SPARK (≥2) vs PEPSO≥38) | κ=0.405 |
PEPSO, Poverty and Employment Precarity in Southern Ontario; r, Pearson correlation coefficient; SPARK, Screening for Poverty And Related social determinants to improve Knowledge of and access to resources; κ, kappa statistic; φc, Cramer’s V.