Fig. 3.

Side-by-side photogrammetric reconstructions of three A. rufa (mountain beaver) skull specimens – UWBM 39867 (top two rows), UWBM 82710 (middle two rows), and UWBM 34050 (bottom two rows) – shown in A (dorsal view), B (ventral view), and C (oblique posterior–lateral view). For each specimen and orientation, the upper image is derived from the Zhang and Maga (2023) workflow, and the lower image is reconstructed via the photogrammetry extension being presented. Warmer colors in the distance maps (bottom scale in mm) indicate larger deviations, whereas cooler colors signify closer agreement. Across all three specimens, the new workflow yields fewer triangular artifacts around the orbital and zygomatic boundaries avoids clogging critical foramina and reduces over-smoothed patches in under-photographed areas. Its enhanced SAM-based masking more accurately separates the specimen from the background, resulting in consistently improved model fidelity and more anatomically faithful reconstructions.