Table 1.
Drosophila | Human |
Wingless | Wnts 1-16 |
Frizzled2 | Frizzleds 1-10 |
Arrow | LRP5, and LRP6 |
Dishevelled | Dvl-1, Dvl-2, and Dvl-3 |
Axin | Axin-1 and Axin-2 |
APC, APC2 | APC and APC2 |
Zw3/Shaggy | GSK3 |
Armadillo | β-catenin |
Pangolin/dTCF | TCFs 1-4 |
There is greater redundancy of Wnt pathway components in humans than in Drosophila. In addition to Wingless and Frizzled2, there are six other Wnt proteins in Drosophila and three other Frizzled family members. In contrast, humans have 16 Wnts and 10 Frizzleds. There are two APC paralogs in both species, but other components downstream of Frizzled in Drosophila are unique. APC, the adenomatous polyposis coli protein; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; Zw3, zeste-white 3.