Fig. 7. Molecular circuit of 4VA signal transduction in the locust olfactory system.

Within the antenna, OBP10 and OBP13, situated upstream of OR35, undertake the responsibility of conveying 4VA within basiconic sensilla and instigating the activation of OR35. Simultaneously, downstream of OR35, Clvs2 binds to PIPs, resulting in the modulation of PLC activity, which catalyzes the conversion of PI(4,5)P₂ into IP₃. Via the IP₃ signaling cascade, signal transduction at the antennal lobe triggers the up-regulation of PLCe1 expression. The up-regulated IP₃ pathway therefore facilitates the transduction of signals to a higher center and decision-making for aggregation.