Table 4.
Barriers to the involvement of community pharmacy professionals in noncommunicable disease prevention and management in Ethiopia.
| Category of reported barriers | Specific and detailed activities of community pharmacy professionals |
|---|---|
| CPPs-related barriers | Workload/lack of time |
| Lack of clinical knowledge and skills | |
| Unable to update themselves and lack updated knowledge | |
| Limited on-the-job training and continuing education | |
| Lack of communication with other healthcare providers | |
| Lack of access to patient medical records | |
| Pharmacy setting and working environment-related barriers | Lack of appropriate and standardized private counseling areas in CDROs |
| Limited number of CPPs in the pharmacy | |
| Lack of support from managers | |
| Lack of resources, such as updated and standardized guidelines in the pharmacy | |
| Unwilling to pay for wider scopes of practice from owners | |
| Poor collaboration with other healthcare settings | |
| Policy and healthcare system-related barriers | Lack of follow-up and service monitoring from regulatory bodies |
| Low provision of on-the-job training for CPPs | |
| Lack of provision of standardized and customized guidelines and frameworks | |
| Lack of financial and remuneration frameworks for supporting service providers | |
| Patient/client and public-related barriers | Limited awareness of the public/clients about CPPs’ provided service |
| Lack of demand from patients/clients to receive services |
CPPS, community pharmacy professionals; CDROs, Community drug retail outlets.