Table 3. Factors associated with asthma (n=313).

Values are expressed as frequency (n), percentage (%), odds ratio (OR), and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals. Chi-square test (χ²) was used for bivariate comparisons. p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Variable	Present n (%)	Absent n (%)	p-value	χ² value	OR (95%CI)	aOR (95%CI)	p -value
								Location
Urban	27 (12.3)	193 (87.7)	0.063	3.47	0.54 (0.28-1.04)	1.90 (0.93-3.86)	0.075
Rural	19 (20.4)	74 (79.6)			Ref	1
Family history of asthma/allergy
Yes	36 (18.9)	154 (81.1)	<0.001	6.97	2.64 (1.26-5.54)	2.09 (0.96-4.57)	0.063
No	10 (8.1)	113 (91.9)			Ref	1
Household tobacco use
Yes	18 (36.0)	32 (64.0)	<0.001	3.29	4.73 (2.38-9.38)	5.21(2.45-11.09)	<0.001
No	28 (10.6)	235 (89.4)			Ref	1
Chronotype
Morning	8 (44.4)	10 (55.6)	<0.001	14.1	5.95 (2.14-16.49)	7.53 (2.42-23.39)	<0.001
Intermediate	13 (15.5)	71 (84.5)			1.36 (0.66-2.80)	1.57 (0.72-3.42)	0.251
Evening	25 (11.8)	186 (88.2)			Ref	1