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. 2025 Jul 22;19:1951. doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2025.1951

Table 5. Complications and outcomes.

Complication
Bleeding 2 14/204 6.9%
Empyema 1 2/42 4.8%
Wall infection 2 2/204 1%
Atelectasis 2 8/204 3.9%
Prolonged air leak 1 5/162 3.1%
Persistent pleural pocket 1 3/162 1.9%
Postoperative haemothorax 1 1/162 0.6%
Other outcome
Lost to follow up 1 53/71 74.7%
Progression 1 122/421 28.9%
Outcomes
Mortality 6 247/914 27%
Survival (1 year) 3 164/289 56.7%
Survival (5 year) 1 9/67 13%
Metastasis 2 965/1,255 76.9%
Morbidity 2 39/504 7.7
Recurrence 3 31/271 11.4%