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. 2025 Aug 27;17(8):105990. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i8.105990

Table 8.

Changes in postoperative pain and recovery indicators, mean ± SD

Time point	Group	VAS (score)	t value	P value	First time out of bed (hour)	t value	P value	First exhaust time (hour)	t value	P value	Inpatient days (day)	t value	P value
T1	Experiment group (n = 58)	5.88 ± 0.95	2.341	0.021^a
T1	Control group (n = 58)	6.45 ± 0.88	2.341	0.021^a
T2	Experiment group (n = 58)	4.32 ± 0.78	2.557	0.012^a	19.65 ± 2.35	1.871	0.064
T2	Control group (n = 58)	4.88 ± 0.81	2.557	0.012^a	21.12 ± 2.44	1.871	0.064
T3	Experiment group (n = 58)	2.95 ± 0.56	2.912	0.005^a				29.32 ± 3.12	2.145	0.035^a
T3	Control group (n = 58)	3.45 ± 0.62	2.912	0.005^a				31.65 ± 3.21	2.145	0.035^a
T4	Experiment group (n = 58)	1.88 ± 0.44	3.231	0.002^a							7.65 ± 1.22	2.901	0.006^a
T4	Control group (n = 58)	2.45 ± 0.55									8.45 ± 1.35

^a

P < 0.05.

P indicating a statistically significant difference. VAS: Visual analogue scale.