Table 3.

Syphilis OR for substance use in 2022

Substance Use Behavior	Odds Ratio (OR)	95% Confidence Interval	p-value
Cocaine use (Reference Group)	1.00	—	—
Crack use	0.38	0.35–0.42	< 0.001
Heroin use	0.57	0.52–0.62	< 0.001
Injection drug use	1.89	1.77–2.02	< 0.001
Methamphetamine use	3.34	3.13–3.55	< 0.001

Odds ratios (OR) for syphilis infection in 2022 by reported substance use behavior, using cocaine use as the reference group (OR = 1.00). Methamphetamine use was associated with the highest odds of syphilis infection, followed by injection drug use. In contrast, crack and heroin use were associated with significantly lower odds of infection compared to cocaine use