| CIRT | carbon ion radiotherapy |
| PSA | prostate-specific antigen |
| ADT | androgen deprivation therapy |
| LH-RH | luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone |
| CT | computed tomography |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| CTV | clinical target volume |
| PTV | planning target volume |
| HR-PCa | high-risk prostate cancer |
| NR | non-recurrence |
| PR | pseudorecurrence |
| R | recurrence |
| AUC | area under the curve |
| ROC | receiver operating characteristic |