Skip to main content
. 2025 Sep 3;9(1):142–158. doi: 10.5334/cpsy.134

Table 2.

Demographic characteristics of participants included in the analyses in Study 1 (nulliparous female and male student participants) and Study 2 (ALSPAC pregnant women).


DEMOGRAPHICS STUDY 1: STUDENT STUDY 2: ALSPAC



VARIABLES N MEAN (SD)/% N MEAN (SD)/%

Age 191 19.82 (2.73) 109 29.11 (1.51)

Gender/Sex

Male 28 14.66% 0 0%

Female 161 84.29% 109 100%

Other 2 1.04%

Education

A Level or Higher 180 94.2% 39 43.33%

O Level 37 41.11%

<O Level 14 15.56%

High-school diploma (=GCSE) 11 5.8%

Performance task

In person 191 100% 25 22.9%

Online 0 0% 84 77.1%

MENTAL HEALTH MEASURES N MEDIAN (IQR) N MEDIAN (IQR)

Depression score

SMFQ 190 7 (4–10)

EPDS 80 13 (9.5–15)

Anxiety

STAI-I 190 38 (32–46)

STAI-II 190 46 (39–53)

Personality difficulties

SAPAS 190 3 (2–4) 91 2 (1–3)

BIS-11 190 64 (58–69) 29 51 (49–59)

Note. IQR: Inter-quartile Intervals; ALSPAC: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; SAPAS: Standardized Assessment of Personality Abbreviated Scale; MFQ: Mood and Feeling Questionnaire; EPDS: Edinburgh Post-Natal Depressive Scale; STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; BIS: Barrett Impulsivity Scale.