4-HNE	4-Hydroxynonenal
ACD	Anemia of chronic disease
AI	Anemia of inflammation
AKT/PKB	Protein kinase B
ALAS2	5′-Aminolevulinate synthase 2
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
ASC	Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD
ATMs	Adipose tissue macrophages
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
BAT	Brown adipose tissue
BMP6	Bone morphogenetic protein 6
BRINDA	Biomarkers reflecting inflammation and nutritional determinants of anemia
C/EBP	CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein
Ca2+	Calcium ion
CARD	Caspase recruitment domain
CD11c+	Cluster of differentiation 11c positive
CD163	Cluster of differentiation 163
CD4+ T cells	Cluster of differentiation 4 positive T lymphocytes
CHOP	C/EBP homologous protein
Cl−	Chloride ion
CLS	Crown-like structures
CODEX	CO-Detection by indEXing
CREB	cAMP response element-binding protein
DAMPs	Damage-associated molecular patterns
Dcytb	Duodenal cytochrome b
DFO	Deferoxamine
DFP	Deferiprone
DFX	Deferasirox
DHA	Docosahexaenoic acid
DIOS	Dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
DMT1	Divalent metal transporter 1
Fe–S	Iron–sulfur cluster
Fe2+	Ferrous iron
Fe3+	Ferric iron
FBXL5	F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 5
FOXO1	Forkhead box protein O1
FPN/Ferroportin	Ferroportin (iron exporter), encoded by SLC40A1
GPX4	Glutathione peroxidase 4
GSDMD	Gasdermin D
H2O2	Hydrogen peroxide
HAMP/HAMP1	Hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (gene)
HCD	High-carbohydrate diet
HERC2	HECT and RLD domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2
HFD	High-fat diet
HFE	High Fe gene (homeostatic iron regulator)
HIF-2α	Hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha
HIFs	Hypoxia-inducible factors
HJV	Hemojuvelin
HMGB1	High mobility group box 1
HO-1	Heme oxygenase-1
IAPP	Islet amyloid polypeptide
IL-18	Interleukin-18
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta
IL-1R	Interleukin-1 receptor
IL-22	Interleukin-22
IL-6	Interleukin-6
iWAT	Inguinal white adipose tissue (subcutaneous)
IRE/IREs	Iron responsive element (s)
IRP/IRPs	Iron regulatory protein (s)
IRS	Insulin receptor substrate
IRS-1	Insulin receptor substrate 1
JAK–STAT3	Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
JNK/MAPK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase
LIP	Labile iron pool
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
LRR	Leucine-rich repeat
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MAVS	Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein
MFehi	Macrophage ferritin-expressing high iron phenotype
MFelo	Macrophage ferritin-expressing low iron phenotype
MIBI-TOF	Multiplexed ion beam imaging by time-of-flight
MMe	Metabolically activated macrophage phenotype
MRI	Magnetic resonance imaging
mTOR	Mammalian (mechanistic) target of rapamycin
mtROS	Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species
Na+	Sodium ion
NCOA4	Nuclear receptor coactivator 4
NEK7	NIMA-related kinase 7
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NLRP3	NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3
NRF2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
NTBI	Non–transferrin-bound iron
PAMPs	Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PUFAs	Polyunsaturated fatty acids
RAGE	Receptor for advanced glycation end products
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SAT	Subcutaneous adipose tissue
sTfR	Soluble transferrin receptor
SLC40A1	Solute carrier family 40 member 1 (gene encoding ferroportin)
SOCS	Suppressor of cytokine signaling
T2D	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Tf/TfR/TfR1	Transferrin/Transferrin receptor/Transferrin receptor 1
THP-1	Human myelomonocytic cell line THP-1
TLR/TLR4	Toll-like receptor/Toll-like receptor 4
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
TRX	Thioredoxin
TXNIP	Thioredoxin-interacting protein
UCP1	Uncoupling protein 1
UTR	Untranslated region
VAT	Visceral adipose tissue
vWAT	Visceral white adipose tissue