| cDNA | complementary DNA |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| mL | Milliliter |
| nm | Nanometer |
| PCE | Perilla seed residue crude extract |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
| mg/kg bw | Milligram/kilogram of bodyweight |
| Met | Metformin |
| mg/dL | Milligrams per deciliter |
| HFD-STZ | High-fat diet induces diabetes with streptozotocin |
| STZ | Streptozotocin |