| ESBLs | Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases |
| KPC | Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase |
| MDR | Multidrug-resistant |
| ECDC | European Centre for Disease Control |
| XDR | Extended multidrug-resistant |
| PDR | Pandrug-resistant |
| NDM | New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamases |
| CHDL | Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamases |
| MRSA | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| PFGE | Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis |
| AST | Antimicrobial susceptibility testing |
| EUCAST | European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing |
| DDST | Double disk diffusion method |