| AgNPs | Silver nanoparticles |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscopy |
| EDX | Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy |
| FTIR | Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy |
| MIC | Minimum inhibitory concentration |
| MBC | Minimum bactericidal concentration |
| RAPD-PCR | Random amplification of polymorphic DNA–polymerase chain reaction |