ACh	Acetylcholine
ALT	Alanine transaminase
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
ALS	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ATI	Angiotensin I
ATII	Angiotensin II
AUC	Area under the curve
AI	Artificial intelligence
AST	Aspartate transaminase
AF	Atrial fibrillation
ANS	Autonomic nervous system
BBB	Blood–brain barrier
BDNF	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BNP	Brain natriuretic peptide
CVD	Cardiovascular
CVLM	Caudal ventrolateral medulla
CAN	Central autonomic network
CNS	Central nervous system
CTNF	Ciliary neurotrophic factor
CK	Creatine kinase
CRP	C-reactive protein
DL	Deep learning
ECG	Electrocardiogram
GDNF	Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
HBA	Heart–brain axis
HF	Heart failure
HFpEF	Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HFrEF	Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
HRV	Heart rate variability
HR	Heart rate
HD	Huntington’s disease
HPA	Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
HTN	Hypertension
ICD	Implantable cardioverter–defibrillator
IL-1	Interleukin 1
IL-6	Interleukin 6
ICNS	Intrinsic cardiac nervous system
LVEF	Left ventricular ejection fraction
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
ML	Machine learning
MnPO	Median preoptic nucleus
MS	Multiple sclerosis
MALT	Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues
NPs	Nanoparticles
NICI	Nerve–artery–immune interface
NSM	Neurogenic stunned myocardium
NE	Norepinephrine
NAmb	Nucleus ambiguous
NTS	Nucleus tractus solitarius
OVLT	Organum vasculosum lamina terminalis
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PTSD	Post-traumatic stress disorder
PPG	Photoplethysmography
RAS	Renin–angiotensin system
RBBB	Right bundle branch block
RVLM	Rostral ventriculolateral medulla
RVMM	Rostral ventriculomedial medulla
CVOs	Sensory circumventricular organs
SFO	Subfornical organ
SCD	Sudden cardiac death
SAM	Sympathetic–adrenal–medullary
TC	Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
tACS	Transcranial alternating current stimulation
TNF	Tumor necrosis factor
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
VIP	Vasoactive intestinal peptide