ACE	angiotensin-converting enzyme
AGEs	advanced glycation end products
ANGII	angiotensin II
ARBs	angiotensin receptor blockers
Apo(a)	apolipoprotein(a)
ApoB	apolipoprotein B-100
AS	aortic stenosis
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
BMP-2	bone morphogenetic protein-2
BP	blood pressure
CAVD	calcific aortic valve disease
CAVS	calcific aortic valve stenosis
CDH11	cadherin-11
cGMP	cyclic guanosine monophosphate
DPP-4	dipeptidyl peptidase-4
DRP1	dynamin-related protein 1
EndMT	mesenchymal cells
FGF2	Fibroblast Growth Factor 2
GIP	glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
GLP-1	glucagon-like peptide-1
HDL	high-density lipoprotein
IGF-1	insulin growth factor-1
IL-1β	interleukin-1 beta
IMT	intima-media thickness
LDL	low-density lipoprotein
Lp(a)	lipoprotein(a)
Lp-PLA2	lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2
Lrp5	Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 5
LRR	leucine-rich repeat
MACE	major adverse cardiovascular events
MGP	matrix Gla-protein
MMPs	matrix metalloproteinases
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NLRP3	NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3
NADPH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NO	nitric oxide
NOD	nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain
NOX2	NADPH oxidase 2
OPG	osteoprotegerin
Ox-LDL	oxidized low-density lipoprotein
OxPL-apoB	oxidized phospholipids associated with apolipoprotein B
OxPL	oxidized phospholipids
PCSK9	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
RAAS	renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
RANK	receptor activator of nuclear factor kB
RANKL	receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RUNX2	runt-related transcription factor 2
sGC	soluble guanylate cyclase
TAVI	transcatheter aortic valve implantation
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor alpha
TZDs	thiazolidinediones
UTP	uridine triphosphate
VECs	endothelial valve cells
VICs	valvular interstitial cells
VKAs	vitamin K antagonists
VSMCs	vascular smooth muscle cells