Skip to main content
. 2025 Aug 24;26(17):8210. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178210
AERP Atrial effective refractory period
AF Atrial fibrillation
AIM2 Absent in melanoma 2
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
Ang-II Angiotensin II
ANP Atrial natriuretic peptide
APD Action potential duration
BNP Brain natriuretic peptide
CASP1 Caspase-1
CLR C-type lectin receptor
Cx40 Connexin 40
DAMPs Damage-associated molecular patterns
ECM Extracellular matrix
HF Heart failure
HFmrEF Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction
HFpEF Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HFrEF Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
ICa,L L-type calcium current
IK1 Inward rectifier potassium current
IL-18 Interleukin-18
IL-1β Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6 Interleukin-6
INa Sodium current
LA Left atrium
LV Left ventricle
LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-B
NLR NOD-like receptor
PAMPs Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PRR Pattern recognition receptor
RA Right atrium
RAAS Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
RIG-I Retinoic acid-inducible gene I
ROS Reactive oxygen species
RyR2 Ryanodine receptor type 2
TGF-β Transforming growth factor-beta
TLR Toll-like receptor
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-alpha