Figure 1.

Secondary research: Multi-institutional KEP simulation with virtual cross-matching. Of the 251 pairs who refused living-donor kidney transplants owing to immunological reasons, 117 pairs from 35 facilities were enrolled in the multi-institutional study. However, detailed information on anti-HLA antibody using single antigen identification tests was obtained for 80 pairs, and simulation was possible through virtual cross-matching (a). Example of virtual cross-match (b). Bold underlines indicate donor-specific antibodies, and thin underlines indicate potentially cross-reactive anti-HLA antibodies.