. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Sep 13.

Published in final edited form as: J Addict Med. 2024 Nov 26;19(2):172–178. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000001395

TABLE 2.

Mean ± SD Individual SOWS Symptom Scores Across Days of Morphine Stabilization and Study Groups

SOWS Individual Symptoms (0–4)	Study Group	Morphine Stabilization Day (M [SD])
SOWS Individual Symptoms (0–4)	Study Group	1	2	3	4	5	6	7

I feel nauseous^*	Non-fentanyl	0.9 [1.0]	0.6 [0.8]	0.4 [0.8]	0.3 [0.8]	0.3 [0.6]	0.2 [0.6]	0.2 [0.5]
	Fentanyl	0.9 [1.1]	1.5 [1.5]	1.2 [1.3]	1.2 [1.5]	0.6 [0.8]	0.5 [0.8]	0.4 [0.8]
I am perspiring^*	Non-fentanyl	0.9 [1.0]	0.6 [0.8]	0.4 [0.7]	0.4 [0.6]	0.3 [0.6]	0.4 [0.7]	0.3 [0.6]
	Fentanyl	0.9 [1.0]	1.6 [1.5]	1.2 [1.3]	0.9 [1.1]	0.9 [1.0]	0.9 [1.0]	0.4 [0.6]
I feel restless^*	Non-fentanyl	1.7 [1.2]	1.0 [1.0]	0.7 [0.8]	0.7 [0.8]	0.6 [0.8]	0.6 [0.8]	0.5 [0.8]
	Fentanyl	1.5 [1.4]	1.9 [1.2]	2 [1.4]	1.9 [1.4]	1.3 [1.1]	1.1 [1.0]	1.0 [1.1]
My bones and muscle ache^*	Non-fentanyl	1.6 [1.2]	1.0 [1.0]	0.8 [0.9]	0.7 [0.9]	0.7 [0.8]	0.6 [0.8]	0.5 [0.8]
	Fentanyl	1.3 [1.2]	1.7 [1.3]	1.6 [1.5]	1.5 [1.5]	1.3 [1.3]	1.0 [1.0]	0.9 [1.1]
My nose is running^*	Non-fentanyl	1.3 [1.0]	0.7 [0.9]	0.5 [0.8]	0.5 [0.8]	0.4 [0.7]	0.4 [0.7]	0.3 [0.6]
	Fentanyl	1.4 [1.3]	1.6 [1.2]	1.4 [1.2]	1.0 [1.1]	0.8 [0.9]	0.6 [0.7]	0.4 [0.6]
I feel like vomiting^*	Non-fentanyl	0.6 [1.0]	0.4 [0.7]	0.2 [0.6]	0.2 [0.6]	0.2 [0.5]	0.1 [0.5]	0.1 [0.4]
	Fentanyl	0.5 [0.9]	1.3 [1.5]	0.9 [1.2]	0.9 [1.5]	0.5 [0.8]	0.4 [0.7]	0.3 [0.8]
I am shaking^*	Non-fentanyl	0.7 [1.0]	0.5 [0.8]	0.3 [0.7]	0.3 [0.6]	0.2 [0.6]	0.2 [0.5]	0.2 [0.4]
	Fentanyl	0.6 [1.1]	1.2 [1.3]	0.8 [1.3]	0.8 [1.2]	0.6 [1.0]	0.6 [0.8]	0.4 [0.8]
I feel like yawning^†	Non-fentanyl	1.7 [1.1]	1.0 [1.0]	0.7 [0.9]	0.6 [0.8]	0.6 [0.8]	0.6 [0.7]	0.5 [0.7]
	Fentanyl	1.6 [1.1]	1.6 [1.3]	1.3 [1.1]	1.2 [1.1]	0.7 [0.8]	0.7 [0.7]	0.4 [0.6]
I feel anxious^*	Non-fentanyl	1.5 [1.1]	0.9 [1.0]	0.6 [0.8]	0.5 [0.7]	0.5 [0.7]	0.5 [0.7]	0.4 [0.5]
	Fentanyl	2.0 [1.4]	2.1 [1.3]	2.0 [1.3]	1.7 [1.3]	1.6 [1.3]	1.4 [1.2]	1.1 [1.2]
I have goosebumps^*	Non-fentanyl	0.9 [0.9]	0.5 [0.8]	0.4 [0.7]	0.3 [0.7]	0.3 [0.7]	0.2 [0.6]	0.2 [0.5]
	Fentanyl	0.8 [1.0]	1.3 [1.2]	0.9 [1.2]	0.9 [1.1]	0.6 [0.9]	0.6 [0.8]	0.2 [0.4]
My muscles twitch^*	Non-fentanyl	0.9 [1.0]	0.4 [0.7]	0.3 [0.6]	0.3 [0.6]	0.2 [0.6]	0.2 [0.5]	0.2 [0.5]
	Fentanyl	0.6 [0.9]	1.3 [1.3]	1.1 [1.3]	0.9 [1.3]	0.6 [1.0]	0.4 [0.8]	0.3 [0.7]
My eyes are tearing^*	Non-fentanyl	1.1 [1.0]	0.6 [0.8]	0.5 [0.8]	0.4 [0.7]	0.4 [0.7]	0.4 [0.7]	0.3 [0.6]
	Fentanyl	0.8 [0.9]	1.3 [1.3]	1.2 [1.2]	0.9 [1.0]	0.9 [0.9]	0.6 [0.7]	0.4 [0.6]
I have hot flashes^*	Non-fentanyl	0.9 [1.0]	0.7 [0.9]	0.5 [0.8]	0.4 [0.7]	0.3 [0.7]	0.3 [0.6]	0.3 [0.5]
	Fentanyl	1.1 [1.3]	1.7 [1.4]	1.3 [1.3]	1.2 [1.4]	0.9 [0.9]	0.7 [0.9]	0.6 [0.9]
I have cold flushes^*	Non-fentanyl	1.0 [1.0]	0.7 [1.0]	0.6 [0.9]	0.4 [0.7]	0.4 [0.8]	0.3 [0.6]	0.3 [0.5]
	Fentanyl	1.2 [1.3]	1.6 [1.3]	1.3 [1.4]	1.3 [1.3]	0.9 [1.0]	0.7 [0.9]	0.5 [0.7]
I feel like using^†	Non-fentanyl	2.5 [1.4]	1.7 [1.4]	1.5 [1.4]	1.5 [1.4]	1.3 [1.4]	1.2 [1.4]	1.2 [1.3]
	Fentanyl	2.0 [1.5]	2.1 [1.5]	2.1 [1.6]	1.9 [1.6]	1.6 [1.5]	1.0 [1.2]	1.1 [1.4]
I have stomach cramps^*	Non-fentanyl	1.1 [1.2]	0.7 [0.8]	0.5 [0.8]	0.4 [0.9]	0.4 [0.7]	0.3 [0.6]	0.4 [0.7]
	Fentanyl	1.0 [1.2]	1.6 [1.2]	1.5 [1.5]	1.2 [1.5]	0.8 [1.1]	0.6 [0.8]	0.6 [1.1]

Significant effect of group, day, and group × day.

^†

Significant effect of day and group × day.

SOWS indicates Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale.