Table 22.

Outpatient costs for patients on dialysis, stratified by treatment modality

Variable	HD	PD	Total
Outpatient costs (RMB)	376,599,643	38,532,100	415,131,744
Outpatient/overall	46.16	41.92	45.73
Sex
Male	61.52	60.37	61.41
Female	38.48	39.63	38.59
Age group (yr)
0–19	0.50	0.31	0.48
20–44	20.79	24.37	21.12
45–64	46.88	49.62	47.14
65–74	20.28	16.58	19.94
≥75	11.27	8.59	11.02
Unknown	0.28	0.52	0.31
Breakdown of costs
Laboratory examinations	1.78	3.27	1.92
Other examinations	0.48	0.47	0.48
Drugs	16.56	19.67	16.84
Direct costs of dialysis	53.86	52.69	53.75
Others	27.32	23.90	27.00
Pattern of payment
UBMI paid	81.13	80.40	81.06
Out of pocket	18.87	19.60	18.94
Hospital level
Primary hospital	9.97	15.52	10.48
Secondary hospital	31.64	23.53	30.89
Tertiary hospital	58.39	60.95	58.63

HD, hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis; RMB, renminbi; UBMI, Urban Basic Medical Insurance.

Data are expressed as percentage unless otherwise noted.