| AI | artificial intelligence |
| AKI | acute kidney injury |
| AVF | arteriovenous fistula |
| AVG | arteriovenous graft |
| CHD | coronary heart disease |
| CHIRA | China Health Insurance Research Association |
| CKD | chronic kidney disease |
| CK-NET | China Kidney Disease Network |
| COTRS | China Organ Transplant Response System |
| CVD | cardiovascular disease |
| HD | hemodialysis |
| HQMS | Hospital Quality Monitoring System |
| ICD-10 | International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision |
| LLM | large language model |
| LOS | length of stay |
| PD | peritoneal dialysis |
| PM2.5 | particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less |
| PMP | per million population |
| RMB | renminbi |
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