Table 2.

Descriptive statistics.

Variable		Widowed (treatment group)				Non-widowed (control group)
		Mean	Median	SD	N	Mean	Median	SD	N
Dependent variables	Total consumption	6.158	7.606	3.983	498	7.565	8.561	3.258	9,392
	Medical consumption	5.029	6.217	3.755	439	5.266	6.909	3.732	9,032
	Non-medical consumption	5.665	6.910	3.777	498	7.068	7.969	3.143	9,392
Key explanatory variable	Widowhood dummy	0.600	1	0.490	498	0	0	0	9,392
Control variables	Retirement status	0.0984	0	0.298	498	0.103	0	0.304	9,392
	Age	65.78	66.02	9.250	498	60.46	59.36	8.867	9,392
	Gender	0.201	0	0.401	498	0.410	0	0.492	9,392
	Hukou	0.163	0	0.369	498	0.201	0	0.401	9,392
	Education level	1.161	1	1.529	498	1.735	2	1.512	9,392
	Log (cash and savings)	3.587	4.615	3.572	498	4.611	5.707	3.987	9,392
	Log (Debt)	0.255	0	1.607	498	0.491	0	2.225	9,392
	Depression score	6.147	7	2.654	415	7.231	8	2.367	8,067
	Self-rated health	1.777	2	0.935	449	2.045	2	0.935	8,552
	Physical health index	4.353	5	1.535	498	4.517	5	1.483	9,392
Mechanism variables	Wage income	1.003	0	2.890	498	1.858	0	3.832	9,380
	Psychological consumption	2.168	0	3.571	446	2.597	0	3.613	9,036
	Saving rate	−30.73	−0.475	147.7	275	−31.43	0.197	623.5	6,007