Table 2. Growth data by polygenic BMI risk score deciles.
|
Decile of the polygenic
BMI risk score |
Decile 1
n = 50 |
Deciles 2–9
n = 408 |
Decile 10
n = 50 |
Effect size per decile
[95% CI] |
p |
| Follow-up at 5 to 7 years of age | |||||
| – Weight (kg) | 17.7 (2.8) | 18.7 (2.3) | 21.0 (4.0) | +0.24 +[0.14; +0.34] | |
| – Height (cm) | 112 (7) | 113 (6) | 116 (6) | +0.26 [+0.07;+ 0.44] | |
| – BMI (kg/m2) | 14.1 (1.2) | 14.6 (1.5) | 15.6 (6) | +0.11 [+0.07; +0.16] | |
| – BMI z-score* | –1.1 (1.0) | –0.7 (1.0) | –0.1 (1.1) | +0.07 [+0.04; +0.10] | |
| Follow-up at 10 to 14 years of age | |||||
| – Weight (kg) | 38.0 (9.0) | 41.0 (11.0) | 47.2 (13.3) | +0.71 +[0.37; +1.04] | |
| – Height (cm) | 152 (10) | 151 (10) | 152 (10) | +0.09 [−0.22; +0.40] | |
| – BMI (kg/m2) | 16.3 (2.6) | 17.8 (3.1) | 20.2 (4.5) | +0.29 [+0.19; +0.39] | |
| – BMI z-score* | –1.2 (1.2) | –0.3 (1.1) | +0.5 (1.2) | +0.12 [+0.08; +0.16] | 7.1 × 10−11 |
| – Body fat (kg) | 7.8 (5.3) | 9.4 (5.4) | 12.5 (7.7) | +0.40 [+0.23; +0.57] | |
| – Grip strength (kg) | 20 (6) | 20 (6) | 20 (6) | −0.01 [−0.19; +0.18] | |
*The BMI z-score indicates the deviation from the median of the general population in standard deviations. At the age of 12, the BMI for boys is 17.99 kg/m2 and for girls 18.19 kg/m2. At this age, the threshold for obesity (which was exceeded by only 2.8% of the prematurely born individuals in our study) is for boys at a BMI of 25.44 kg/m2 and for girls at a BMI of 25.47 kg/m2 (13). Prematurely born individuals in decile 10 with a BMI of 20.2 kg/m2 are +0.5 standard deviations above the expected average, while prematurely born individuals in decile 1 are -1.2 standard deviations below it. All figures (except for effect size) are mean values (± standard deviation).
BMI, body mass index