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. 2025 Jul 29;44(18):5086–5111. doi: 10.1038/s44318-025-00517-x

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© The Author(s) 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ applies to the data associated with this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data, but does not extend to the graphical or creative elements of illustrations, charts, or figures. This waiver removes legal barriers to the re-use and mining of research data. According to standard scholarly practice, it is recommended to provide appropriate citation and attribution whenever technically possible.

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Figure EV1 — (A) Gal3 clearance assays in HeLa parental and 4 different ATXN3 KO clones performed as in Fig. 2A. Scale bar, 15 µm. (B) Quantification of (A), representative experiment with >40 cells per conditions. The graph shows the mean. (C) Western blot verification of ATXN3 KO. (D) Western blot verification of rescue constructs used in Fig. 2A. (E) ATXN3 mutant of the VBM motif (VBM*) is deficient in p97 binding. (F) Western blot evaluation of siRNA-mediated ATXN3 depletion. (G) PCR on genomic DNA confirming genomic insertion of the FKBP^F36V tag in ATXN3^dTAG U2OS cells. (H) Western blot analysis of lysates of U2OS WT and gene-edited ATXN3^dTAG cells. (I) Western blot assessment of the induced degradation of ATXN3 ^dTAG in U2OS cells.