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. 2025 Sep 15;15:32542. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-18819-9

Table 4.

Mentions to environmental sustainability practices by managers of case hotels.

Environmental Sustainability Hotel category
Local Chain Hotels 4*
(n*m = 3*2 = 6)
Local Chain Hotels 5*
(n*m = 3*2 = 6)
International Chain Hotels
(n*m = 3*2 = 6)
Organizational level

 Waste Reduction

Practices (c = 6)

10/36 23/36 32/36

 Energy Use Reduction

Practices (c = 2)

4/12 5/12 12/12

 Water Use Reduction

Practices (c = 3)

4/18 9/18 10/18

 Reducing the Carbon

Emission (c = 3)

0/18 0/18 12/18

 Recycling and Reuse

(c = 4)

2/24 8/24 12/24

 Green Certifications

(c = 2)

4/12 4/12 4/12
 Green training (c = 2) 0/12 3/12 4/12
Supply chain level

 Green Supplier

Selection (c = 7)

12/42 17/42 37/42

 Green Purchasing

(c = 7)

10/42 11/42 11/42

 Green Supply Chain

Collaboration with

Suppliers (c = 3)

0/18 1/18 12/18

 Green Supply Chain

Collaboration with

Tour Operators (c = 3)

9/18 11/18 13/18

 Supply Chain Collaboration

with Logistics and

Green Providers (c = 5)

6/30 9/30 13/30

 Green Supply Chain

Collaboration with

Government agencies

(c = 3)

0/18 1/18 4/18

 Collaboration with Green

Consultant (c = 4)

2/24 6/24 1/24

 Number of mentions

by the interviewees

63/324 108/324 177/324

Notes: c - number of subcategories in the category; n - number of hotels from each category; m - number managers interviewed in each hotel; c*n*m = number of mentions if each manager mentions each subcategory once.

The number of mentions reflects the total frequency with which each practice was discussed by interviewees. Managers could refer to the same practice multiple times within a single interview, and each mention was counted separately. Thus, the totals may exceed the number of interviewees or hotels.