Skip to main content
. 2025 Aug 12;68(1):e113. doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2025.10074

Table 2.

Methodological quality of included systematic reviews using “A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews” (AMSTAR) and AMSTAR +

References Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5 Item 6 Item 7 Item 8 Item 9 Item 10 Item 11 TOTAL AMSTAR Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5 Item 6 TOTAL AMSTAR +
Brandl et al. [23] Y N Y N N Y Y Y Y Y Y 8/11 N/A N Y N Y N 2/7
Rometsch-Ogioun et al. [24] Y N Y N N Y Y Y Y Y Y 8/11 N/A N/A N/A N/A Y N 1/7
Patel and Chrisinger [25] Y N/A Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 9/11 Y N N N N N 2/7
You et al. [26] Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 10/11 Y N N N Y N 3/7
Ma et al. [27] Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 10/11 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0/7
Battison et al. [28] Y N Y N Y Y N Y Y N Y 7/11 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0/7
Stubbs et al. [29] Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 10/11 N Y N N Y N 2/7
Stubbs et al. [22] Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 10/11 N Y N N Y N 2/7

Y = yes; N = No; N/A = not applicable.

Detailed items of the AMSTAR:

1 - Was an ‘a priori’ design provided?

2 - Was there duplicate study selection and data extraction?

3 - Was a comprehensive literature search performed?

4 - Was the status of publication (that is gray literature) used as an inclusion criterion?

5 - Was a list of studies (included and excluded) provided?

6 - Were the characteristics of the included studies provided?

7 - Was the scientific quality of the included studies assessed and documented?

8 - Was the scientific quality of the included studies used appropriately in formulating conclusions?

9 - Were the methods used to combine the findings of studies appropriate?

10 - Was the likelihood of publication bias assessed?

11 - Was the conflict of interest stated?

Detailed items of the AMSTAR +:

1 - Was the majority of all meta-analysed studies double-blind? Was not assessed as not possible to realize in physical activity interventions (2 points)

2 - Was the total number of participants in the meta-analysis sufficiently large?

3 - Was the meta-analytically derived primary outcome result confirmed in at least one large study with approximately 100 patients per arm?

4 - Were studies with observed cases analyses included in the meta-analysis?

5 - Was the primary outcome result heterogeneous?

6 - Was there significant publication bias regarding the primary outcome result?