Table 2.
Changes in participants’ depressive scores (CES-D) and level of burden (ZBI) before intervention (T1), post intervention (T2), and at follow-up (T3)
| T1 | T2 | T3 | Statistical analyses | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | Time effecta | T0 vs. T1 | T0 vs. T2 | T1 vs. T2 | |
| CES-D | 20.4 (8.7) | 14.0 (6.7) | 14.5 (7.6) | F(1.64, 83.74) = 18.729 | −6.4 (8.0) | −6.0 (10.2) | +0.4 (6.9) |
| adj-p < 0.001 | adj-p < 0.001 | adj-p < 0.001 | adj-p = 1 | ||||
| η2 = 0.269 | d = 0.83 | d = 0.77 | d = 0.06 | ||||
| ZBI | 36.5 (15.9) | 27.8 (13.0) | 27.5 (14.0) | F(2, 102) = 19.740 | −8.7 (12.0) | −8.9 (12.7) | −0.2 (10.3) |
| adj-p < 0.001 | adj-p < 0.001 | adj-p < 0.001 | adj-p = 1 | ||||
| η2 = 0.279 | d = 0.61 | d = 0.62 | d = 0.02 | ||||
Abbreviations: CES-D, Center of Epidemiological Studies – Depression; M, mean; η2p, partial eta squared; SD, standard deviation; T1, before intervention; T2, post intervention; T3, follow-up (T3); ZBI, Zarit Burden Interview.
a
Bonferroni-adjusted p-values. Effect sizes reported as Cohen’s d.