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. 2025 Sep 12;21:2067–2082. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S533262

Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of the Children in the Two Groups

Characteristics Treatment Group (n=47) Control Group (n=44) Statistical Magnitude P
Age, years, median (IQR) 1.00(0.75,1.97) 1.92(1.00,3.00) Z=−2.989 0.003
Gender, n(%) χ2=0.017 0.897
 Male 25(53.19) 24(54.55)
 Female 22(46.81) 20(45.45)
Developmental score, mean±SD
 Gross motor 57.4±15.3 56.9±16.5 t=0.149 0.882
 Fine motor 58.2±17.0 59.4±18.1 t=0.319 0.750
 Adaptability 54.0±13.8 54.9±18.5 t=0.274 0.785
 Language 48.6±14.3 51.2±16.1 t=0.825 0.411
 Personal-social 52.3±13.9 53.9±15.6 t=0.513 0.609
 SM standard score 8.70±0.60 8.40±0.70 t=1.602 0.113

Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; SM, social maturity scale.