Table 2.

Studies investigating the role of exercise on dysphagia in HNC patients.

Type of cancer	Participants	Intervention	Duration	Results	Reference
Laryngeal cancer	6 participants who had previously undergone SCPL	Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST)	4 weeks	This method only improved Peak cough flow (PCF)	(82)
	78 patients with total laryngotomy	7 flexibility exercises for the head, neck 8 range-of-motion exercises for the tongue, lips, and jaw, and, 5 lymphedema exercises.	12 weeks	The progression of overall swallowing difficulties was decreased in the intervention group (p-value for two-way interaction = 0.013)	(84)
	92 patients undergoing total laryngectomy	Weekly swallowing therapy	12 months	The scores were significantly better among the intervention patients at months 3, 6, 9, and 12 for all the scores, with p values smaller than 0.000	(85)