Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the participants. Data are presented as mean (SD).

Characteristic	Usual care (n=54)	Fitness walking exercise (n=54)	Tai Chi exercise (n=54)
Age (years), mean (SD)	64 (7)	65 (8)	66 (5)
Sex, n (%)
Male	25 (49)	24 (48)	26 (50)
Female	26 (51)	26 (52)	26 (40)
Smoking status (smoker), n (%)	15 (29)	14 (28)	16 (31)
Educational background, n
Compulsory school	10	9	11
High school	31	33	31
Higher education	10	8	10