Table 4. Comparison of treatment effects between the groups at posttreatment (intent-to-treat analysis). Differences from the baseline are expressed as mean differences and 95% confidence intervals.
| Measurement | Unadjusted mean (SD) | Adjusted difference (95% CI) | Between-group effect Size d (95% CI) |
Within-group effect size d (95% CI) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Usual care | Fitness walking | Tai Chi | Fitness walking versus usual care | P value | Tai Chi versus Usual care |
P value | Fitness walking versus usual care | Tai Chi versus usual care | Usual care | Fitness walking | Tai Chi | |
| MoCAa score | 22.96 (3.01) | 22.94 (3.41) | 23.83 (4.06) | –0.02 (–0.11 to 0.06) | .421 | 0.87 (0.25 to 2.31) | .002 | 0.79 (0.44 to 1.26) | 0.98 (0.51 to 1.74) | 0.15 (0.08 to 0.79) | 0.46 (0.28 to 0.51) | 0.71 (0.39 to 0.99) |
| MQb | 90.17 (11.26) | 91.93 (10.59) | 99.23 (17.08) | 1.76 (0.84 to 2.04) | .582 | 9.06 (6.51 to 11.38) | .003 | 0.36 (0.24 to 0.65) | 0.73 (0.58 to 0.95) | 0.07 (0.02 to 0.13) | 0.21 (0.15 to 0.42) | 0.66 (0.32 to 0.85) |
| Digit Symbol Substitution Testc score | 29.74 (8.05) | 33.92 (4.48) | 37.84 (5.59) | 4.18 (2.83 to 6.53) | .011 | 8.10 (4.62 to 10.88) | .025 | 0.67 (0.33 to 0.89) | 0.83 (0.20 to 0.95) | 0.11 (0.09 to 0.22) | 0.41 (0.18 to 0.72) | 0.52 (0.31 to 0.67) |
| TMT-Bd finding | 225.19 (8.93) |
220.81 (12.73) |
207.33 (12.25) |
−4.55 (−7.09 to −3.11) | .611 | −17.94 (−25.89 to −13.51) | .022 | 0.21 (0.13 to 0.56) | 0.77 (0.40 to 0.81) | 0.21 (0.18 to 0.44) | 0.20 (0.07 to 0.47) | 0.77 (0.45 to 0.83) |
| Boston Naming Teste score | 22.97 (4.02) |
25.94 (4.11) |
26.61 (4.18) |
3.03 (2.01 to 4.69) | .026 | 4.34 (2.11 to 6.87) | .001 | 0.11 (0.05 to 0.49) | 0.69 (0.42 to 0.89) | 0.37 (0.24 to 0.59) | 0.38 (0.12 to 0.52) | 0.47 (0.33 to 0.68) |
| Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Testf score | 31.78 (6.63) |
34.98 (6.77) |
34.64 (5.01) |
3.02 (2.62 to 4.01) | .422 | 3.02 (2.62 to 4.01) | .417 | 0.25 (0.17 to 0.40) | 0.33 (0.12 to 0.45) | 0.10 (0.04 to 0.25) | 0.39 (0.22 to 0.57) | 0.41 (0.30 to 0.71) |
| Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test delayed recall score | 13.37 (7.01) |
15.48 (7.11) |
18.39 (7.83) |
2.87 (1.55 to 4.24) |
.477 | 5.01 (2.78 to 7.16) |
.021 | 0.16 (0.07 to 0.33) |
0.73 (0.56 to 0.81) |
0.29 (0.10 to 0.47) | 0.39 (0.11 to 0.68) | 0.78 (0.66 to 0.94) |
a
MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
b
MQ: Wechsler Memory Quotient.
c
DSST: Digit Symbol Substitution Test score.
d
TMT-B: Trail Making Test part B.
e
BNT: Boston Naming Test.
f
ROCF: Ray Complex Figure Test.