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. 2025 Sep 3;16:1598265. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1598265

Table 2.

Association between ESI consistency and ESI utility for the decision-making process in the whole cohort and resective surgery group.

Other treatments group (N = 30) ESI finding is consistent with clinical or imaging data (N) ESI finding is inconsistent with other clinical or imaging findings (N) Cannot be evaluated (N) Total (N (%)) Pearson Chi-Square p-value
ESI complimented substantially decision for surgical or other intervention 6 1 0 7 (23.3%)
ESI complimented substantially decision for stimulation 1 0 0 1 (3.3%)
ESI complimented substantially conservative treatment decision 2 0 0 2 (6.7%)
ESI contribution was substantial and independent from other findings 1 0 0 1 (3.3%)
ESI did not affect clinical decision making 8 2 1 11 (36.7%)
ESI was misleading 0 0 0 0 (0%)
Cannot be assessed 2 2 4 8 (26.7%) 0.300
Resective surgery group (N = 10)
ESI complimented substantially decision for surgical or other intervention 7 0 0 7 (70%)
ESI complimented substantially decision for stimulation 0 0 0 0 (0%)
ESI complimented substantially conservative treatment decision 0 0 0 0 (0%)
ESI contribution was substantial and independent from other findings 0 0 0 0 (0%)
ESI did not affect clinical decision making 1 2 0 3 (30%)
ESI was misleading 0 0 0 0 (0%)
Cannot be assessed 0 0 0 0 (0%) 0.016
Whole cohort
ESI complimented substantially decision for surgical or other intervention 13 1 0 14 (35%)
ESI complimented substantially decision for stimulation 1 0 0 1 (2.5%)
ESI complimented substantially conservative treatment decision 2 0 0 2 (5.0%)
ESI contribution was substantial and independent from other findings 1 0 0 1 (2.5%)
ESI did not affect clinical decision making 9 4 1 14 (35%)
ESI was misleading 0 0 0 0 (0%)
Cannot be assessed 2 2 4 8 (20%) 0.050
Total 28 7 5 40 (100%)

ESI, electrical source imaging; N, number.