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. 2025 Sep 3;16:1641918. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1641918

Figure 2.

Diagram showing immune pathways and treatments related to skin and hair follicle conditions across three panels. (A) Details KC apoptosis and barrier disruption involving cytokines and treatments like Dupilumab. (B) Illustrates HF cycle disorders and immune disruptions with treatments like Bempikibart. (C) Describes HF fibrosis and inflammation, highlighting the roles of various cells and treatments like Baricitinib. Each panel includes arrows indicating direction of influence among immune cells and treatments.

AD, AA, and overlapping immune responses and therapeutic targets. (A) The role of Th1/Th2/Th17/Th22 immunity in AD and therapeutic targets. (B) The role of Th1/Th2/Th17/Th22 immune responses in AA and therapeutic targets. (C) The role of Th1/Th2/Th17/Th22 immune responses, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and the OX40-OX40L signaling pathway in AD and AA and therapeutic targets. (Figure created with BioRender.com). AD, Atopic dermatitis; AA, Alopecia areata; Th, T helper cells; IL, Interleukin; IFN, Interferon; TNF, Tumor necrosis factor; KC, Keratinocyte;CD8+ T cells, CD8-positive cytotoxic T cells; NK, Natural killer cells; HF, Hair Follicle; APC, Antigen-Presenting Cell; TYK2, Tyrosine Kinase 2; FLG, Filaggrin gene; IgE, Immunoglobulin E; OX40, Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 4; OX40L, Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Member 4 Ligand; JAK, Janus kinase; STAT, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription.