Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2025 Sep 3;15:1600980. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1600980

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2025 Shen, Sun, Zhai, Kong, Zhu, Yu and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

MRI images labeled A, B, and C show a brain mass indicated by red arrows. D is a 3D visualization of the brain’s vascular system. Images E to J depict surgical views of the brain with instruments and monitoring graphs. Blue arrows and measurement scales in millimeters provide size references. — Case 41. (A–C) MRA indicates that the tumor envelopes the bilateral vertebral arteries. (D) Preoperative multimodal fusion. (E) The location of the vertebral artery before the operation. (F–J) Postoperatively, MVD is used to confirm the location and patency of the vertebral artery and its branch vessels.