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. 2025 Sep 12;18:3017–3028. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S533705

Table 3.

Clinical Characteristics of pSS-PPF and pSS-Non-PPF [Cases (%)]

pSS-PPF (n=29) pSS-non-PPF (n=37) χ²/χ²c P value
ILD-related symptoms 26 (89.7) 33 (89.2) 0 a 1
 Dry cough 10 (34.5) 16 (43.2) 0.523 b 0.47
 Sputum 14 (48.3) 6 (16.2) 7.912 b 0.005
 Dyspnea 20 (69) 25 (67.6) 0.015 b 0.904
ILD-related signs 13 (44.8) 7 (18.9) 5.167 b 0.023
 Cyanosis 2 (6.9) 0 (0) 0.189 c
 Digital clubbing 1 (3.4) 2 (5.4) 0 a 1
 Crackles 12 (41.4) 5 (13.5) 6.601 b 0.01
System involvement
 No sicca 7 (24.1) 1 (2.7) 5.145 a 0.023
  Xerostomia 21 (72.4) 32 (86.5) 2.036 b 0.154
  Xerophthalmia 21 (72.4) 24 (64.9) 0.427 b 0.513
  Purpura rash 1 (3.4) 1 (2.7) 0 a 1
  Parotid enlargement 1 (3.4) 12 (32.4) 8.635 b 0.003
  Arthritis 2 (6.9) 10 (27) 4.429 b 0.035
  Myositis 0 (0) 1 (2.7) 1 c
  Renal injury 1 (3.4) 0 (0) 0.439 c
  PAH 4 (13.8) 1 (2.7) 1.492 a 0.222
  Pulmonary bullae 5 (17.2) 6 (16.2) 0.012 b 0.912
  PBC 0 (0) 1 (2.7) 1 c
  PN 0 (0) 3 (8.1) 0.25 c
  Leukocytopenia 2 (6.9) 4 (10.8) 0.014 a 0.906
  Thrombocytopenia 0 (0) 1 (2.7) 1 c

Note: aχ²c value (Continuity-corrected Chi-Square test), bχ² value (Chi-Square test), cFisher’s exact probability method.

Abbreviations: ILD, Interstitial Lung Disease; PAH, Primary Pulmonary Hypertension; PBC, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis; PN, peripheral neuropathy; pSS, Primary Sjogren’s syndrome, PPF, progressive pulmonary fibrosis.