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. 2025 Aug 20;26:101069. doi: 10.1016/j.resplu.2025.101069

Table 2.

Summary of results for clinical studies.

Author, year Design/
Country
Population/
Exposure
Participant Characteristics Intervention/Control Outcomes
Lee, 20238 Prospective randomized controlled study/South Korea OHCA BLS and ALS hospital providers Flow sensor real-time visual ventilation feedback device (Zoll Accuvent)/No feedback Intervention = 63, control = 58
ROSC (55.5 % vs. 36.2 %, p = 0.04)
30 h survival (49.2 % vs. 46.5, p = 0.001).
Survival to discharge (4.9 % vs. 8.6 %, p = 0.54)
Survival with good outcome (11.1 vs. 10.3, p = 0.77)
No data on ventilation measures reported
Drennan, 202418 Prospective before-after study/Canada OHCA BLS and ALS EMS providers Flow sensor real-time visual ventilation feedback device (Zoll Accuvent)/No feedback Intervention = 221, Control = 191
ROSC (27 % vs. 29 %, p = NS)
Ventilation rate (12 (IQR 10, 17) vs. 14 (11, 19), p = 0.035)
Prop rate in target (53 %±38 vs. 29 %±9, p < 0.001)
Insufflation volume measured (401 ml (353, 472) vs. 374 (274, 453), p = 0.058)
Proportion volume in target (28 %±17 vs. 21 %±16, p < 0.001)
Proportion volume & rate in target (19 %±17 vs. 7 %±10, p < 0.001)
Gerber, 202321 Case series/USA OHCA EMS providers
ED hospital providers
Fow sensor real-time visual ventilation feedback device (Zoll Accuvent)/No control group
Comparison between EMS providers vs. hospital staff after ED admission
Total number of subjects = 3
Case 1: Rate 8/min vs. 17/min
Mean insufflation volume measured 500 ml vs. 844 ml
Case 2: Rate 6/min vs. 15/min
Mean insufflation volume measured 382 ml vs. 610 ml
Case 3: Rate 10/min vs. 14/min
Mean insufflation volume delivered 478 ml vs. 638 ml
Lemoine, 202419 Prospective cohort study, abstract only/France OHCA BLS EMS providers Flow sensor real-time visual ventilation feedback device (EOlifeX®)/no control group N = 104
Mean insufflation volume measured: 538 [IQR 412–645] ml
Volume measured with passive exhalation: 291 [219–405] ml
Leakage: volume 199 [119–287] ml, ratio 41 % [26–54 %]
intervention-time showed a slight improvement in leakage in ventilation 2 compared to one in 30:2 ratio
McCarty, 201220 Prospective cohort study, abstract only/USA ED ED hospital providers CO2/Flow sensor real-time visual ventilation feedback device (NICO monitor, Philips)/no control group N = 11
Ventilation rates 17/min (IQR 11,20)
Insufflation volume measured 707 ml (IQR 564,827)

ROSC: Return of Spontaneous Circulation, IQR: Interquartile Range, BV: Bag valve, OHCA: out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, IHCA: in-hospital cardiac arrest, EMS: Emergency medical services, ALS: Advanced Life Support, BLS: Basic life support, EMT: Emergency Medical Technician, ED: Emergency Department.