Table 1.
Summary and comparison of Currently used magnetic materials and magnetic sensors, highlighting their properties and applications.
| Material/Sensor | Type | Magnetic Properties | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iron (Fe) | Ferromagnetic | High permeability, high saturation magnetization | Transformers, electromagnets, magnetic storage |
| Cobalt (Co) | Ferromagnetic | High coercivity, good thermal stability | Hard magnets, magnetic recording media |
| Nickel (Ni) | Ferromagnetic | Good ductility, moderate permeability | Battery electrodes, magnetic shielding |
| Neodymium (NdFeB) | Rare-earth magnet | Very high magnetic strength | High-performance motors, magnetic resonance imaging |
| Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) | Rare-earth magnet | High temperature stability, corrosion-resistant | Aerospace, military applications |
| Alnico | Alloy (Aluminum, Nickel, Cobalt) | Good thermal stability, moderate strength | Electric guitar pickups, sensors |
| Ferrites | Ceramic magnetic material | Low electrical conductivity, good high-frequency performance | Microwave devices, inductors, transformers |
| Hall Effect Sensors (HESs) | Sensor | Voltage output proportional to magnetic field | Position sensing, current measurement |
| Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMRs) | Sensor | Change in resistance with magnetization direction | Magnetic field sensing, reading heads in hard drives |
| Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) | Composite material | Change in resistance in magnetic fields | Data storage devices, sensors |
| Tunnel Magnetoresistance (TMR) | Composite material | Very high sensitivity to magnetic fields | Spintronic devices, high-density data storage |
| Giant Magnetoimpedance (GMI) | Sensor | Large change in impedance with magnetic field | Magnetic field sensing, biosensing applications |