2. Design of Genetically Engineered Probiotic Bacteria and Their Components for the Treatment of Diseases.

probiotic bacteria strains	bacterium/bacterial components	genetic modification	expressed therapeutics	disease	ref.
E. coli Nissle 1917	live engineered bacteria	chromosomal insertion for quorum sensing	cholera autoinducer 1 (CAI-1)	cholera
L. casei 334, L. acidophilus 4356	S-layer protein	plasmid expression	surface layer protein A (SlpA); a host cell-binding domain from C. difficle SlpA	clostridium difficile infection (CDI)
E. coli Nissle 1917	OMVs	genome-integrated expression	SARS-CoV-2 RBD (surface); NG-06 (lumen)	SARS-CoV-2
L. lactis NZ9000	hydrogel-encapsulated bacteria	plasmid expression (NISIN)	VEGF	diabetic wound healing
E. coli Nissle 1917	live engineered bacteria	plasmid expression	curli nanofibers displaying trefoil factors (TFFs)	inflammatory bowel disease	,
E. coli Nissle 1917	live engineered bacteria	plasmid expression	l-arabinose-inducible protein expression	solid tumor/cancer
E. coli Nissle 1917	live engineered bacteria	plasmid expression	p53 and Tum-5 protein	solid tumor/cancer
E. coli Nissle 1917	live engineered bacteria	genome-integrated expression	GM-CSF cytokine	colorectal neoplasia
E. coli Nissle1917	chitosan/sodium alginate-coated engineered bacteria	plasmid expression	catalase and superoxide dismutase (ECN-pE)	inflammatory bowel disease
L. reuteri	live engineered bacteria	plasmid expression	IL-22	ovarian cancer
L. lactis	live engineered bacteria	genome-integrated expression	IL-10	inflammatory bowel disease
E. coli Nissle 1917	S-layer protein	CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing	HIV-1MPER	HIV infection
E. coli Nissle 1917	live engineered bacteria	CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing	type I-E CRISPR-Cas	antimicrobial resistance
L. Lactis F15876	live engineered bacteria	plasmid expression (NISIN)	GLP-1 peptide	diabetes
E. coli BL21DE3	live engineered bacteria	plasmid expression	short hairpin RNA (shRNA)	gene silencing
E. coli Nissle 1917	live engineered bacteria	genome-integrated expression	l-arginine	hyperammonemia
E. coli Nissle 1917	live engineered bacteria	plasmid expression	Microcin H47 (MccH47)	salmonella infection
E. coli MG1655	live engineered bacteria	plasmid expression	glucose dehydrogenase	colorectal cancer