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. 2025 Sep 3;13:1611688. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1611688

Table 7.

Results of necessity analysis for individual variables.

Conditional variable Consistency Degree of coverage Conditional variable Consistency Degree of coverage
LNGDP 0.488 0.804 ~LNGDP 0.625 0.728
LNPOP 0.629 0.772 ~LNPOP 0.476 0.730
LNMARKET 0.600 0.745 ~LNMARKET 0.499 0.753
TECH 0.491 0.777 ~TECH 0.622 0.746
IND 0.679 0.767 ~IND 0.444 0.762
OPEN 0.390 0.758 ~OPEN 0.703 0.738
LNSCI 0.568 0.771 ~LNSCI 0.549 0.753
ENV 0.885 0.740 ~ENV 0.182 0.673

~ is the basic symbol for Boolean algebra operations, indicating that the variable condition is missing.